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Subject: HGXLBBG hybrids and some thoughts after (too much
some would say) Christmas dinner.
From: paullarkin <paullarkin(AT)PGEN.NET>
Date: 25 Dec 2000 12:08pm
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What Ho!
Nick Rossiters comments about the photo in British Birds Vol 90 pl139 =
are valid but I suspect that this bird has been plumage "typed" from =
birds definitely known to be hybrids at that location. It therefore =
probably gives a good representation of such an hybrid. Also elsewhere =
in the article it does refer to the following - "Although rare small =
numbers of apparent or known hybrid pairs produced young in Britain, =
west and north-west France, and Netherlands and Belgium. Hybrids usually =
intermediate between their parents and so superficially resemble =
michahellis. Some hybrids on Skomer Dyfed have a structure unlike =
michahellis and with only a partial black band on P5. Harris et al noted =
orange-yellow orbital rings on some hybrids in the breeding season."
On a general theme it is my belief that hybrids are very rare between =
gull species (GW & Western perhaps being the exception) and we plump for =
hybrid too readily, particularly with odd white-winged gulls, most of =
which I believe are leucistic birds. I think the belief that leucism is =
rare in gulls and waders (In the last 3 years I have seen leucistic =
Dunlin, Redshank and Lapwing) comes from that statement by Grant in his =
identification guide, even though he gives no reason for his conclusion. =
This has biased the discussion ever since. How many cases have ever been =
fully documented (known ringed young) of hybridisation in any gull =
species that has been traced from fledged young to adult? I know of one =
between Glauc and HG in Shetland but can find no references to the =
appearances of the colour-ringed offspring. My understanding is that =
those reported in Iceland are in dispute. Can anyone throw any light on =
this?
There was a discussion some years ago about the disparity in numbers =
between apparent hybrid WW gulls (I call them brown winged gulls) in =
Kent UK and those reported in the Midland counties of the UK (British =
Birds Vol 76 p83, vol 77 p165), the numbers in Kent being much higher. I =
regularly see leucistic large gulls in Kent (so far this winter an adult =
GBBG and HG) more so than true WWGs. One would think that the further =
north one goes the greater the likelihood of getting not only Glauc but =
also hybrids, so perhaps the disparity in the south is accounted for by =
leucistic birds. Also, assuming that most large gull species are =
probably fairly closely related, the expressing of leucism may lead to =
the expression of other characters similar to those of WWGs.
Something to mull over in the new year, which I hope will be a good and =
gull filled one for all of you.
Cheers
Paul
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Subject: LBBG possibilities
From: Bruce Mactavish <bruce.mactavish1(AT)NF.SYMPATICO.CA>
Date: 25 Dec 2000 5:21pm
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=20
As a gull watcher with turkey on high and Christmas spirits even higher, =
I engage in the always-present quandary of gull hybrids, specifically =
Lesser Black-backed Gull slash Herring Gull. Paul Larkin in his post =
turkey dinner email stated, "hybrids are very rare between gull species =
(GW & Western perhaps being the exception) and we plump for hybrid too =
readily". I agree with the latter. I think gulls willing hybridize when =
necessary.=20
=20
In St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, Glaucous Gull is the most common =
species involved in hybridization. In the 1980's Glaucous X Herring =
Gull was the most frequently seen hybrid combination. Although the =
number of this hybrid combination remained fairly constant, in the 1990s =
hybrid Glaucous X Great Black-backed Gull outnumbered all other hybrids =
(still well under 1% of the total). Great Black-backed Gull numbers =
increased at a rate to similar its hybrids. The reason for a Great =
Black-backed Gull increase at the St. John's landfill was probably =
related to sudden food shortage off the east coast of the province due =
to a drastic decline in the Newfoundland cod fishery. There is a zone =
in the middle 30% of the coast of Labrador where the southern breeding =
limit of Glaucous Gull merges with the northern breeding limit of Great =
Black-backed Gull. It is here where I think hybrids between these two =
species are happening. The purpose of this email is to suggest that =
hybridization between gulls is not uncommon where an opportunity to find =
the right mate is restricted. This is most likely to happen at the =
latitudinal limits of the species breeding range. =20
=20
In the last five years migrant and wintering Lesser Black-backed Gulls =
have expanded at an exponential rate in North America. The next step =
after their relatively recent expansion to Iceland, now at 20,000+ =
breeding pairs, would be North America. Breeding seems inevitable. It =
seems likely that some of the initial settlers will be forced to mate =
with Herring Gull cousins. This hybrid combination has been proven in =
Europe, and given the genetic closeness of the two species, it is a =
natural combo for lustful Lesser Black-backed Gulls pioneering North =
America. Look at the painfully slow advance of Black-headed Gulls =
breeding in eastern North America. The total breeding population since =
it was first discovered breeding in North American in Newfoundland in =
the 1970s has hardly changed. Other than the fact that both =
Black-headed Gull and Lesser Black-backed Gulls have been recent and =
very successful colonizers in Iceland, there are few similarities =
between the North American immigration of the two species. Lessers =
wander much more widely through North America than Black-headed Gulls. =
The first confirmed breeding record could happen almost anywhere, though =
assuming Icelandic origin, I'd bet on a northern breeding site as the =
first in North America. We can expect an increase in reports of suspect =
hybrid LBBG x HEGUs. =20
=20
A very very few (two?) adult Lesser Black-backed Gulls have been seen in =
June and July in Newfoundland since the mid 1980s. There are many =
Herring Gull nesting colonies in Newfoundland and Labrador. True most =
are never visited by people with an eye for Lesser Black-backed Gulls. =
Personally I have been to a number of Herring Gull colonies in =
Newfoundland and the southern 50% of Labrador without seeing a LBBG. =
Labrador is NOT a hinterland of the unexplained. Juvenile LBBGs in St. =
John's, NF are frequent as early as mid September and have occurred as =
early as the last week of August, but this is loads of time for a =
fledgling to fly from Iceland to North America. =20
=20
After all this I say that suspect Lesser Black-backed x Herring Gull =
hybrids are seen every year in Newfoundland. Usually adults in late =
fall and winter. The most famous is an individual at Renews, NF May 1985 =
- October 1999. The bird was at least four years old when observed as =
an adult paired with a typical adult Newfoundland smithsonianus Herring =
Gull, so . Each spring from May 1985 until 1999 it was paired with an =
adult Herring Gull. Every August - mid October it was alone (except =
1999) claiming territory on its favourite rock. It was built like a =
male smithsonianus. The mantle was a dark as an extra pale graellsii =
LBBG. The legs were pale yellow in the breeding season (May and August) =
but pinkish-yellow in September and October. The orbital ring was red =
spring and autumn. The primary tip pattern was very like a Newfoundland =
Herring Gull with a large window in P10 and a smaller window in P9. The =
inside part of the 'hand' was hollowed out, not full as expected in a =
LBBG or Yellow-legged Gull. In late August and early September 1999 the =
suspect hybrid was accompanied by two food begging juvs. This was the =
only year in which this happened. Normally in Newfoundland juv Herring =
Gulls are independent by late July or early August. The two juvs looked =
much like typical Newfoundland smithsonianus with a dark brown plumage. =
There was perhaps more pale on the head and more light speckling in the =
wings coverts and base of outer tail feathers than average locally bred =
smithsonianus. Photos were taken. There is a substantial Herring Gull =
breeding colony at Ferryland, about five miles north of Renews, where =
this bird could have been breeding. =20
=20
Labeling a misfit gull as a hybrid is sometimes viewed as a cop out. I =
think Lesser Black-backed Gulls will become the most successful, =
naturally established European bird species in North America within =
living memory. During the transition expect to see hybrids with HEGU. =
At the same time Yellow-legged Gull is expanding and straying to North =
America. And then there is a bottomless pit of Asian answers. =20
=20
Watch out for odd gulls. Be prepared to say no answer.
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Subject: Gull Guide
From: "David R." <david(AT)BIRD-BRAIN.COM>
Date: 26 Dec 2000 12:45pm
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I see there is a gull discussion going on on the list. My post is purely
coincidental, but perhaps I picked a good time.
I personally need a simple, methodical approach to things. So over the last few
days, I have developed a chart that can be used to identify gulls. Flipping
randomly through books and then getting home and seeing that you overlooked a
key field mark does not seem (IMHO) like the brightest way to go about something
as detailed as gull ID. (No, I've never actually done that, thankfully. Not
with gulls anyway.)
This edition covers definitive alternate birds, and as you will see when you
look at it, breeding adults, winter adults, and immatures have to be handled
separately due to the way I set it up.
I really need experts' input to make this the best that it can be. Please
comment on any errors/weak points. The thing I had the most trouble with was
the Thayer's Gull (surprise!). What mark or combination of marks can be used to
definitely rule out odd Iceland or Herring Gulls, or hybrids?
Thanks,
David
P. S. I have attached the guide in both WordPad and text file format, so
hopefully most people can open it.
david(AT)bird-brain.com
"But God demonstrates His own love for us in this: while we were still sinners
Christ died for us." Romans 5:8
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Free, secure email for bird lovers:
http://www.bigbirdsearch.com
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[ << | >> | ^^ ]
Subject: Little Gull reprise
From: paullarkin <paullarkin(AT)PGEN.NET>
Date: 27 Dec 2000 10:29am
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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What Ho!
Just a quick note. I mentioned in passing previously that the sawtooth =
pattern on 1st year L. Gull can be used to distinguish a distant sitting =
bird from Bonaparte's (and BHGull). The pattern is not shown by the =
latter two. Any white that they do show is along the bottom of the =
folded wing, whilst that of L Gull is along the top edge. It should be =
noted that 1st year (particularly 1st summer) (Black-legged) Kittiwake =
can show this pattern and can cause confusion if the mantle colour and =
size are not apparent.
Thanks for to those who commented on the hybrid thoughts. After I have =
digested my Christmas dinner I shall digest those!
Cheers
Paul
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[ << | >> | ^^ ]
Subject: Rare Birds in Spain web update: photos
From: Ricard Gutierrez <GUTARB(AT)terra.es>
Date: 30 Dec 2000 5:00pm
Hello:
I've added a couple of pages with some photos of some rarities seen here in
Spain which might be of interest for reference for some of you (Assorted
photos IV and V). They include some geese, a rather blurry (but for me
interesting) picture of Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga, plus White-winged black
tern Chlydonias leucopterus, etc...
Thank you for having a look and happy new year -century- 2001
http://www.terra.es/personal3/gutarb
Ricard Gutiérrez
31.12.2000
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